PHOTO. Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife.
Within a dynastic rule was Austria-Hungary, the Habsburg succession was a key element of the state, affecting the major decisions, due to the weight of imperial authority over the government, in a estrutura semiautocrática. Since the suicide of Prince Rudolph, only son of Emperor Franz Joseph, in Mayerling in 1889 had taken his place Franz Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, nephew of the emperor. Born in Graz in 1863, showed his particular vision of marrying in 1900 things Chotek Sofia, Czech noble, what he faced the Court. His children were excluded from the succession.
proeslava That sympathy was beyond the personal sphere, Franz Ferdinand had become a spokesman for the faction that advocated changing the dual monarchy system based on the hegemony of the Germanic kingdom, Austria, and the kingdom Magyar , Hungary, in a trilateral, at first in favor of the Czechs of Bohemia-Moravia and perhaps later extended to the Slavs under the control of Hungary (Franz Ferdinand himself was contrary to the positions of the aristocracy Hungarian as well as being ill-assorted with the liberal-radical and Austrian Socialists, especially with the Jews in Vienna. )
In short, closer to the liberal conservative, respectful of the principles of nationalities but not break the power of the Habsburgs preserving the territorial integrity of the empire. It is logical to him garner support and hostility alike. And in particular earned him the hostility of the ultranationalist Serbian operating inside and outside of Austria-Hungary advocating the creation of a "Greater Serbia" or some sort of union of South Slavs (Yugoslavia) under Serbian hegemony. An accommodation of the Slavs in Austria-Hungary they seemed misleading and Franz Ferdinand as future ruler of the hated Austria, simply abhorrent. The Archduke thus became a potential target for terrorists Serbs.
Having overcome the vagaries of 1912-13, in the early summer of 1914 there was no evidence that heralded the imminence of a general war. Even external symptoms indicated an appeasement. Germany and Britain had cooperated as a firebreak during the Balkan wars and now proceeded to rebuild their relationships. There were rumors of treatment intended to satisfy the German colonial claims to the detriment of the fragile Portugal, whose position in Angola and Mozambique depended largely on the tolerance of the British.
In these circumstances Francisco Fernado visited Bosnia to watch military maneuvers. completed this June 27, the program included ceremonial as the representative of the highest court imperial tour the regional capital, Sarajevo. It contained a mixed population of Slavic Muslims, Serbs and Croats, and was one of the centers of ultra-nationalism effervescence panservio (at least in the majority districts served ...)
display The authority announced Imperial did not go unnoticed and several terrorist factions got to work preparing a plot to assassinate the Archduke, was 7 the conspirators responsible for realizing the attack, including a young man of 20-year-old Bosnian Serb Gavrilo Princip.
On the morning of June 28, Franz Ferdinand dressed in full uniform and accompanied by his wife went to the city of Sarajevo for a reception with local authorities. They traveled in a motorcade of 3 cars found, making brief stops at the post office. Following the bed of the river Miljacka, the first attempt occurred when one terrorist, Cabrinovic, dropped a bomb that exploded under the car of Colonel Merizzi, a member of entourage was wounded along with another passenger. However, the visit continued with a tense town hall meeting in the middle of the harsh criticisms of Franz Ferdinand the nervous welcoming speech: "Stop, Mr. Mayor How it is possible to come here as a visitor friendly and welcome me with bombs ? What are you talking about my loyalty? ".
At the exit, still accompanied by his wife decided against the advice of Franz Ferdinand himself, went to the hospital to inquire about the wounded in the attack earlier. At the confluence of streets and Francisco Jose Rodolfo, lowering the car its running to rectify a wrong turn a young approached the vehicle of the Archduke and fired a gun several times at close range; the archduke was shot in the neck and his wife in the stomach, taken to the government palace died on the way, apparently without ever regaining consciousness. PHOTO
. ARREST OF MAIN (SECOND FROM RIGHT) The murderer, Gavrilo Princip, was captured immediately by the crowd and the (limited) security officers. He was also previously arrested the bomber failed, Cabrinovic, a printer employed Bosnian Serb in Belgrade. Attached to other arrests, everything pointed to a conspiracy of Serb ultra-nationalists, but their ramifications and the degree of involvement of Serbian authorities was unknown. Antiservios riots soon began in Sarajevo and other Bosnian cities, fueled by the Croats, under the Austrian governor's silence (and responsible for the weak security of Franz Ferdinand), Potiorek.
PHOTO. The Ancient Emperor Franz Joseph
Immediate reactions were mixed: A stream of world opinion showed their condolences and condemned the crime. Resignation and a certain conformity of Emperor Franz Joseph (poorly related to his heir) undisguised joy of Serbian nationalists and opponents Archduke within the empire (remember the joy of some Hungarian officers at the news, described in J. Roth's novel "The March Radenzky).
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